To Readers

I very like to read and deal with ancient history. This is my hobby.
In this frame, the history of Egypt is very interesting for me. Especially Predynastic period and First Kingdom.
Because of this deal, I created blog Egyptian Dawn.
This happened on February, 2013 year.
About my sorry, I did not made researches before to give a name to my blog.
Soon after opening of the blog, I found that there has a site with the same name, dedicated to the very popular book with identical name.
The book was written by Professor Robert Temple. The public very likes this book.
This set me in very unpleasant situation.
By one side, my blog rested in the penumbra of the popular book and the capable professional.
By other side, arose question of the author rights over the name.
As professor Temple was first, he has unquestionable rights over the name.
Also, in the network have some sites with similar names dedicated to the contemporary political background and civil processes in Egypt and Arab culture.

Due to this reasons, I created this new blog Kola Egypt.
I moved the content from old blog to the new one.
After one year, on 24 April 2017, I will shut down permanently the old blog.
Why this date – this is my birthday.
I please professor Temple to excuse me for the turmoil. My condolences.

Very thanks to my readers – you were my very help.
Moreover, I believe that you rest with me in the new place!

Nibork Krobin

My soul will not be alone

This New Year my soul will not be alone!

Thanks to you, my readers, I will be happy!

Just minutes ago, the readers list of this blog hit 355.
In November, the list reached 160.

I understand how small this number in comparison with massive Internet public is.

However, I am completely unknown author.
My native language is not English.
My writings are full with mistakes and misusing.
Moreover, I am not professional historic or archaeologist.
I am simply physicist.

For me this number is stimulus, hope and happiness …
This number is the best present for the arriving Year!

Thank you Readers!

Be healthy! Be successfully! Be happy!

Nikolay Borislavov Kitov
The same Nibork Krobin
niborkkrobin@gmail.com

Method of using Contemporary relics

It is acceptable that many words from Egyptian language arrived in contemporary languages through direct connections, Greek, Roman, Thracian languages. After around 1800 B.C., many Egyptian soldiers rested in Balkan Peninsula and around Black sea, and gave those regions many language components. Direct trading and tourism leaded to many straight ties and heritage in contemporary languages. Some of the syllables are very resistant. They possess ability to pass through millennia and to migrate from one place to another, from one people to other peoples with small mutation. One example for such syllables is “UT”. This root is preserved chiefly in Russian language. Some examples: utka – duck – literary “water soul” with Egyptian “ka” – soul, spirit, gist. This only for females! utok – mountine creek

Thus, we should extract that root “ut” means “water”. This is basis of the root “utl” or “atl”, which is part of the words describing notions about big waters like “Atlantic”. May be from here should be derived the name of the Atlantic Ocean – literarily “the water”. May be from here should be derived too, the name of Atlantic civilization which is more general notion than Island Atlántida (Atlantis).
In Russian language is saved word “put” which means way, road. This word may be arrives from the times when many people lived in lakes in the homes built in the water – Stilt houses or Pile dwellings.

Water museum Ohrid

As it should be seen from the pictures, the main features of the pile dwellings are the walk from the lake bank to the homes and the pillars put through water. It is suspicious that in Russian way/road/walk is called “put” which should be translated as “through water”, especially in watering Russian plains in the spring and fall. In French the balks and small balks are called “putter” and “petrels”. In English the verb “put” means place steadily. All these notions express different aspects of one human activity. Thus, investigating similar roots in different languages with close means should be inferred initial and most common value of the word. This method is not absolute strong, but using in combination with some else methods, should give focus and evidence frequently. This method is useful in explaining some ancient names.
For example, some names including root Hu
In Bulgarian language are preserved some nouns including root “Hu”, and having similar sense:
хубав, хубавец, хубавея, хубост – hubav, hubavetz, hubost – nice, beautiful, beauty
хуквам – hukvam – rush vigorously
хумор – humor – hilarity
художник – hudojnik – master, high level painter or writer
The common for the words with root “hu” is power and creativeness.
In Russian language are preserved some words with root “hu”, too.
The word “hudojnik” is preserved as is it in Bulgarian.

However, there is conserved word "худо" – hudo – bad.
Here should be seen the Principle of Direct Religion Refusion. The new religions presents the notions from old religions with opposite meaning. Thus, two words with common root have opposite sound.
The same is seen in Turkish language. The word “kara” means black, pitiless. Meanwhile it consists by two syllables – kara – soul and light/power. The same word “kara” In Italian language is used as heard and lover!

In Latin family languages have some words, too.
human, humanity – the creature of the God.
In the same time in Latin have some words as:
humiliter – low, submissive, beggarly, slave
humo – bury, buried
Here again is seen the Principle of Direct Religion Refusion.
The common in meaning in the words containing root “hu” in many languages is creativeness, well, good. Alternatively, the diametric opposite. Let us to remember that god Hu was god of the creative word.
Names with root Fu Fatal, fata morgana, Fanatic, fatalism – are example words from western languages with common bad sense.
In Bulgarian language rested some words with this root:
Фукария – fukarija – poorness, pitiful
фурия – furija – velocity, force, – twister, storm
фурор – furor – intense impression, noise, surprise
The common in meaning for the word containing root “fu” is power and unpleasant sense. May be the God Fu personified hostile natural forces. Both roots – “hu” and “fu” in Bulgarian and in Russian languages are written with latter “Y” which is read in both languages “U”.
In ancient Thracian language, this letter symbolized the Sun! It was read “ju”. In ancient Egypt, the religious capital was called Yu-Nu, which Greeks translated as Heliopolis or Sun City.

The combination “hu-fu” should means unity of careful and dreadful natural powers. The sun is symbol of powerful forces giving profusion, life … In the same time it can be burning, scorching …
Thus, Hu-Fu should be the name of the whole complex of natural forces and personification of the Supreme God. In the same time, Hu-Fu should be adjective pertaining to the god Ra, god Atum, god Amon – supreme gods.

First Wonder of the World

More than 4 000 years human race has been striking by so called “Wonders of the World”.
Some people number all those seven. Some people – more …
Part of wonders is simply remembering. Some still exist, however in ruins.

However, one of them is still here. It is presented in our civilization, at now days. Unless it suffered natural disasters and human beings interventions, it is standing up – the massive sentinel of the human power and creativeness!
Many names occurred here – "Great pyramids", "Ancient Egypt pyramids", "Pyramids of Cheops", "The great pyramids of Khnum-Khufu” …
It is not known surely whether only the supreme was “the great pyramid of Cheops” or all three huge pyramids acquired this label. Especially in the time of First kingdom!
Who were the builders?
Why were thrown so efforts?
What was its destination? Which was their history? When they were assembled?
Ceaseless questions …
In the article “Ancient Egyptian Triangulation“, I made attempt to propose one possible purpose for their erection and to give answer to question ”Why?”.
In the article “Cheops - name or comprehensive notion?” I wish to point to one possible ambiguation in our notions. Thus, we should advance to answer to question “Who?”. By my opinion, the name "Cheops" stands for a period of history (particularly Egyptian history). Thus is possible to explain uncertainty about correlation between names Cheops and Hufu. The name of the article is crude and raw, but it is exactly what I think.
My thoughts are not hard positions. They point only promising ways out of default approach to the problem.
Many readers preferred idea about Egyptian triangulation. I am very thankful to them.
The problematic is still open, and I believe this situation will last time ahead.

What the word Cheops stands for

Whether the word Cheops is a name or a comprehensive notion?
The biggest pyramid in Giza is known from the times of Herodotus as “Pyramid of Cheops”. This tradition began with "Novels" of the Herodotus.
The narrated story of Herodotus is in the base of nowadays treatment in Egyptology. This is ridiculous, and from some point of view strange – after so centuries of investigations, heaped data, packed with exhibits in great museums, advanced technologies, and so intellectual potential we are still on opinion of the Herodotus.

However, this is not only ridiculous and strange – it is dangerous!
When modern reader look in the "Novels", he/she should rest with impression that Herodotus never had been in Egypt!
The persons familiar with Physics know that mainly there have two basic families of methods of investigations:
- Substantial, and
- Local
The difference between two types of methods should be explained with simple example.
Let us say that you wish to investigate the cars. You have two possibilities:
1. To get one car and drive it, fix it, repair it, change it construction …
All the time you will be with “this substance”. You will find information and notion of cars.
They will be profound, but limited to one car.
This is substantial approach ….
2. To sit somewhere in the highway and peering on the band.
You will see many cars for a small piece of time. Thus, you will reach some knowing about cars, which will be about many cars, but on the surface. You will find color, dimensions, and speed of cars, but will not understand engines, will not possess knowledge of changing the speeds …
This is local approach ...

These approaches were formulated at first from ancient Romans in their deal with Rule of Law Next physicists worked out the methods and they are strictly applicable as in the physics, as in the geography, as in the history, and so on. As methods of investigation, they are universal.
If Herodotus traveled through Egypt, his novels should reflect substantial approach.
As the most part of travelogues.
When one is reading Herodotus’ novels, it is in the eyes that here are applied local methods.

It is possible that the information given from author was gathered chiefly in the taverns around the tables. The sources were not scholars and monks, but half drank sailors and captains of the boots, where Herodotus really traveled. Should to say – very modest travels chiefly in Mediterranean islands. The "Novels" are filled with wild imaginings, impossible for the eyewitness. There are exposed much foolishness, non-thinkable for the man who has been on the place! Especially about winged serpents in Book II, “History of Cambis”, 75. All books are plenty with such infantile silliness.
In addition, we do not know original text. The copies exist with not known rate of manipulation.
Must to underline that in the original monuments from Egypt, there has not name “Cheops”. Regularly scientists flatten this name with Khufu, only in the ground that such pharaoh was recorded. However, the sound likeness between the names is doubtful, and the semantic similarity is undetectable.
Here, we can remember that Herodotus was Greek, and most of his works are known from Latin re-writings. What the name Cheops should means on these languages?
After short investigation in the Latin vocabulary, investigators should find that compound “Che-Ops” means “new flourishing”, “new possibilities”, “new ruling”. To mention that root “ops” rests in contemporary languages in the form “option’, which is very popular.
Here should be pointed that such buildings as great complex in Giza can be made only by society in flourish! No doubts – since union of Egypt under unified monarchy, and especially after the ruling of Joser, the state was in uplift. And that this society was in “new” flourish is understandable – the monarchy form of ruling and unitary state was very new form to the accustomed to federalism Egyptians at the times of pyramids! About this matter, Manetho was right and exhaustive.

Thus, the name of the Great Pyramid (in his Greek or Latin forms) is telling not for the person, but for the period of Egyptian history.
Now we name this period “Old Kingdom”. However, for contemporary people it was “New Kingdom”!

What the word Pyramid stands for

In today times all people around the world accepts word “pyramid” as stereo-metric figure.
However, this is not the original meaning of the word.
In the beginning of the history, “pyramid” has the sense of the “Temple with funeral Pile”.

We should not forget that in the Europe have two mountings with the root “pyra” in the name. They are Pyrenees in Iberian Peninsula and Pirin in Balcan Peninsula. Two names are identical. The difference in writing is due to transitions trough diverse languages. On Bulgarian and Russian languages, both names are written in one form – “Пирин” and “Пиринеи”. The second is plural from first on Latin.
Of course, there have many stories about origin of the names. For example, according to the tail in classical mythology, Pyrene is a princess who gave her name to the Pyrenees. The Greek historian Herodotus says Pyrene is the name of a town in Celtic Europe. According to Silius Italicus, Pyrene was the virginal daughter of Bebryx, a king in Mediterranean Gaul by whom the hero Hercules was given hospitality during his quest to steal the cattle of Geryon during his famous Labors. Hercules, characteristically drunk and lustful, violates the sacred code of hospitality and rapes his host's daughter. Pyrene gives birth to a serpent and runs away to the woods, afraid that her father will be angry. Alone, she pours out her story to the trees, attracting the attention instead of wild beasts who tear her to pieces.
After his victory over Geryon, Hercules passes through the kingdom of Bebryx again, finding the girl's lacerated remains. As is often the case in stories of this hero, the sober Hercules responds with heartbroken grief and remorse at the actions of his darker self. He lays Pyrene to rest tenderly, demanding that the surrounding geography join in mourning and preserve her name. Struck by Herculean voice, the mountaintops shudder at the ridges. He kept crying out with a sorrowful noise 'Pyrene!' and all the rock-cliffs and wild-beast haunts echo back 'Pyrene!' … The mountains hold on to the wept-over name through the ages." Pliny the Elder connects the story of Hercules and Pyrene to Lusitania, but rejects it as fabulous, fictional. See
Nevertheless, from here should be taken the notional core of “female beginning”.

Let us to point again, that in Latin, Pyrenees is the plural from the Pyre.
The Pirin in Balcan Peninsula is considered as sacred mountain. Some of historians suggest that it is named to the Slavic supreme god Perun. In addition, most high pick Vihren is believed had been place for sacred rituals.
I do not know haw was about Pyrenees, but I will not be surprised in the case there had the same believes.
In the Latin – Bulgarian Dictionary, the word “pyra, pyrae” is translated as rogus.

There have many explanations for “rogus” most frequent of which are:
– rogus (genitive rogī); m, second declension
   A: funeral pile
   B: The grave – figuratively See
Marvin Tameanko, retired architect and specialist in ancient architectural coins comments: "To cremate a body, bones and all (but not the teeth) you need lots of sustained heat. The Romans used a pyre, called a “rogus”, which was built with log cribwork, like a hollow log cabin, erected in stages, getting smaller at the top where the body was placed. The rogus was filled with straw, kindling, and set alight. It acted as a chimney and funneled the heat to the top, incinerating the corpse. Herodian, the Roman historian describes the rogus in detail. After the cremation, the ashes were placed in a stone building, called an ustrinum, made to look like the wedding-cake shaped rogus or the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and built near the cremation site. The remains of these have been found in Rome as early as 1907”.
One of the most amazing architectural types on Roman Imperials is the ustrinum or "funeral pyre" It consists of four tiers; the lowest most of which represents a plain podium with pilasters at the angles; having loosely-hanging drapery in front, with three large festoons, and the profile of a festoon at each end. The next tier forms the sepulchral chamber for the reception of the dead body. In the center is a pair of paneled folding doors, flanked by two niches on each side with statues and surmounted by a cornice. The tier above has five square-headed niches with statues and a cornice represented by beads; and the upper forms a lofty plain attic with hanging drapery in front, the folds of which are very marked. A lit torch flanks each end of the upper tier, which forms a pedestal surmounted by the quadriga of the deceased, with his statue in the chariot and holding a palm leaf in his left hand. All the tiers diminish in width from the base upwards to assume a pyramidal form.

In the Free Dictionary is given meaning of similar word:
– pyre (Greek: πυρά, pyrá, from πυρ, pýr, fire), also known as a funeral pyre, is a structure, usually made of wood, for burning a body as part of a funeral rite. As a form of cremation, a body is placed upon the pyre, which is then set on fire. See
Pyre, rogus, or ustrinum – all these are similar.
I wish to underline that the Greek root arrives from the word “fire”!
Let us see the pictures from mountain Pirin:
Pirin Sunset and Sunrise - Here is well seen as the “natural pyramidal” form, as the Sun fire. Seen from the surrounding mountings, Pirin is like great flame with many tangs in the sunset and the sunrise. Not occasionally, the mountain is sacred for the old Thracian people and Greeks.

Muratovo lake, peak Todorka
 Pirin Sunset Pictures taken from Evgeni Dimov 

Peak Todorka rear view Pirin Sunrise

Pictures taken from Pavel Pronin, Slideshow in the author’s site.

Two photographers, rear and face view, sunset and sunrise … One impression!

Many ancient natural places, entered in all religions known as High places are elevated areas on which altars have been erected for worship in the belief that, as they were nearer heaven than the plains and valleys, they are more favorable places for prayer. High places were prevalent in almost all ancient cultures as centers of cultic worship.
High places in Israelite ethnicity (Hebrew: Bamah, or Bama) or Canaanite culture were open-air shrines, usually erected on an elevated site. Prior to the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites in the 12th–11th century BC, the high places served as shrines of the Canaanite fertility deities, the Baals (Lords) and the Asherot (Semitic goddesses). In addition to an altar, matzevot (stone pillars representing the presence of the divine) were erected.
The practice of worship on these spots became frequent among the Hebrews.
Such worship was with difficulty abolished, though denounced time after time by the prophets as an affront to God.
A closely related example is a "backyard" altar, so to speak. Before there was a set temple and an established altar, people built their own altars. After the temple was built, the use of these altars was forbidden. Unlike the previous case, "backyard" altar worship was quickly eradicated.
In addition, the word Pyramid is containing syllable “ra”, which in Egyptian language means Light, Sanity.
Thus, the term Pyramid stands for as “temple” or “sacred place”.
This is not surprising – in the entire world have pyramids. Everywhere they are accepted as temples. For example - The ziggurats built in the ancient Mesopotamian valley and western Iranian plateau, having the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels.
It is notorious example The Pyramids/Temples of the Sun and the Moon in Teotihuacán. See
Also, the complex of two huge adobe brick buildings: the Pyramid of the Sun, or Huaca del Sol, and the artificial platform called Huaca de la Luna, or Temple of the Moon. This major archaeological site was built at the time of the Moche culture (100 BC-650 AD), just east of a prominent, freestanding hill, the Cerro Blanco (White Mountain), and next to a small tributary of the Moche River. It occupies a central location within the extensive Moche Valley. The complex sits about three miles inland, southeast of the modern city of Trujillo and is considered by many scholars to be the former capital of the Moche State. See

Everywhere, the pyramids are whether single, whether by couple – symbolizing male and female beginnings in equal level.
In this chain, the three pyramids in the Giza plateau are significant and single example.
Pyramids are scattered from Pidan in Siberia to India and Cambodia, from Thailand to Nankin, from Mexico to Chile. See
Only in Egypt, to the pyramids is prohibited to represent temples, and are regarded as simple tombs. Meanwhile, the traces of burials in the interior of the buildings are very scarce. The pyramids in Mexico are richer of burials then their sisters in Egypt. Nevertheless, the Mexicana pyramids are accepted as temples while the same is denied to the Egyptian pyramids.
The Giza’s pyramids are with poorest volume of remains and funeral features in the world.
To explain scarce burials in Egyptian pyramids, the legend of stealing is invited to help.
The hypothesis about ceaseless robbery is very comfortable, but doubtful or insufficient as explanation. Thieves are everywhere and at all times – In the Yucatan, in the Mexico, in the Peru, in the Arab peninsula… and still in Japan!
Nevertheless, the pyramids everywhere are treated in utterly different ways.
This is not only frivolously, but impossible to sustain trough centuries. Especially in modern times with big mass of gathered data. Obviously, behind this position has supporting force.

Temple in Thailand

Female Sphinxes

In the times of Pharaoh Amenhotep III (XVIII dynasty) were made some sphinxes. Two of them are now in Sanct Petersburg brought here in 1832. They are situated on the right bank of the river Neva. In ancient times, they were at before mortal temple of the Pharaoh in Thebes on the west bank of the river Nile. Both are with female faces and lioness bodies.

See         See     

From this time ahead, the Russians accepted sphinxes like females. Because of that, they made some modern examples in 19 century – all females!

Simple female Sphinx See

 

Sphinx from Egyptian Bridge See

Entrance in the Russian Ministry of Culture Sankt Petersburg   See

The youngest sphinx in St.-Petersburg. It has been established on quay Robespierre on April 28, 1995, as a monument to victim’s political terror and reprisals. Michael Shemjakin's work See   See   See

In 4th century in Alexandria was erected monument in honor of Emperor Diocletain, containing two sphinxes – both females! Such called “Pompey Pillars”

See   See   See   

Sphinxes with female faces were made for the private homes – as it was rendered by

William Curtis Rolf.

“Bagatelle Sphinxes” Snapshot By William Curtis Rolf This beautiful photograph was taken at Chateau de Sceaux, just outside Paris. See

Chiswick House in London has two sphinxesq which were commissioned by its first owner Lord Burlington in the late 1720s See See

In now times woman Sphinxes are serving as multiple symbols in the places dedicated to human spirit and social contacts.

Next are sphinxes in the mason temples scattered in the world.

O Rito Sueco mason Temple

Sphinx, Scottish Rite Temple, Mobile, Alabama

 

Modern Sphinx art

Sphinx in private home for vacations in USA

Sphinx on public place - unnamed picture from the Net

The female beginning of sphinxes seems to be stable tradition all around the world!

It should be inferred that in principle and/or tradition the Sphinxes are females!

There are some excluding like Amenemhet III, but they likely underline the rule.